The energy conservation industry has experienced explosive growth while continuing to develop new technologies. For the consumer, deciding which materials and devices offer the greatest return on investment can often be confusing.
Over the last five decades, thorough research reveals that the greatest energy savings per dollar invested comes from maximizing the insulation value of a home or business. Among the different insulation materials, spray foam insulation offers substantial advantages over competing systems.
Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, and Radiant
The purpose of any insulating material is to slow the transfer of heat. To compare the relative effectiveness of the different insulation alternatives, it is important to understand how heat moves through materials and space.
Conduction:
Conductive heat transfer is the process where thermal energy travels through the mass of a material on a molecular level. Conduction occurs when heat passes through a single material or multiple materials that are in direct contact with one another.
Conduction is a primary method that heat uses to migrate through the ceiling, floors and walls of a structure. Placing spray foam insulation directly between two highly conductive materials will substantially slow the process, especially when compared to other insulation types such as fiberglass or cellulose.
Convection:
Heat that moves through the air is called convective transfer. Differing pressures between warm and cold air provide the mechanism for this kind of movement as warm air seeks out colder air. Since warm air escapes through breaches in a building's envelope, additional fuel must be used to heat the colder air that replaced it.
In the cooling season, the convection transfer reverses as warmer air from the outside infiltrates into the home. Spray in foam insulation systems that seal the perimeter of the building are most effective in eliminating convention currents.
Radiant Heat:
Heat that is transferred through the electromagnetic spectrum is known as radiant heat. This form of heat transfer is best addressed through installing materials with surfaces that have exceptional reflectivity properties.
R-Values and Spray Foam Insulation
Most insulation systems are designed to address conduction fairly well, while doing a poor job of addressing convection and radiant heat transfer. The insulation industry has adopted a standard called "R-value" which is a measurement of conductive heat transfer through an insulating material over a given period of time. The problem with this standard is where its focus is, conductive heat transfer which is only small part of the pie when it comes to whole issue of heat transfer. Spray foam insulation is the only type of major insulation that performs at a high level across all three fronts of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiant heat transfer which makes it the best choice for keeping your home comfortable and your energy costs low.
